Learning and Development Assignment Sheet Essay

1. Be able to create an environment conducive to learning. 2. Be able to plan and deliver learning and development programme activity to individuals and groups. 3. Know how to review learning and development activities All activities should be completed Activity 1 Devise a plan, with clear aims and learning outcomes, for a work related learning and development activity/session, lasting approximately 30 minutes. Along with your plan, provide an explanation of how the planned activity: reflects principles of adult learning and takes account of factors (at least 2 individual and 2 environmental) that can impact on learning meets an identified need  is based on available resources  includes appropriate assessment methods  is structured and sequenced to assist learning. Activity 2 Deliver the planned activity, demonstrating your ability to: manage a learning and development activity support learners via questioning and feedback use 1 formative and 1 summative assessment method summarise and conclude the learning and development activity assist learners to reflect on their learning and identify further needs collect feedback from participants. This activity should be observed and assessed by your tutor using the attached Observation Record. Activity 3 Write a reflective statement relating to Activity 2 in which you consider: how you created a positive learning environment  the feedback on your activity from learner participants  your own perceptions of the effectiveness of the activity  at least 2 recommendations to improve your future performance. Activity 1 A Plan for a learning and development activity/session. (Note: The Plan can be the one developed for UNIT 3PDL, providing it also meets the requirements of this unit.) An accompanying explanation (of approximately 500 words). Activity 2 Observation Record Activity 3 A Reflective Statement of approximately 1000 words Observation Criteria Assessor feedback – to be completed by the assessor with notes to support the decision Creates an environment that is positive & conducive to learning – e.g. – health & safety – room layout – welcome – accommodates needs – puts participant at ease – builds rapport Structures & sequences effectively for learning e.g. – introduction – main body – conclusion Provides clear aims / learning outcomes Manages learning activity effectively – uses a range of appropriate training skills – uses learning resources appropriately and effectively – supports learners via questioning and feedback – uses appropriate formative & summative assessment methods – summarises and concludes the learning and development activity – assists learners to reflect on their learning and identify further needs – collects feedback from participants

Discipline & Grievance Essay

Disciplinary procedures are an aid to the effective management of people, and should not be viewed primarily as a means of imposing sanctions or as leading to dismissal. Where dismissal does occur, employees may make a complaint to an employment tribunal if they believe they have been unfairly dismissed, although ordinarily the employee must have one year’s service1. It is for the employer to show the reason for the dismissal and that it was a fair reason. The tribunal will determine whether the dismissal was fair or unfair and will take into account the size and administrative resources of the employer in deciding whether they acted reasonably or unreasonably. The tribunal will take account of Code of Practice the guidance given in the Acas Code of Practice on Disciplinary and grievance procedures [327kb] (see Annexes A and C of the Code) and consider how far the statutory three-step procedures have been followed. What does it mean? Check the glossary for more explanation of the terms used in this handbook. The Code of Practice provides guidance on good practice in disciplinary and grievance matters in employment, and includes information on the right to be accompanied at a disciplinary or grievance hearing. Acas handbook Although this handbook is purely advisory it complements the Code of Practice by giving additional practical advice. Discipline Section 1 on discipline at work starts by explaining why organisations need rules and disciplinary procedures and gives an overview of how to handle discipline. It then looks in depth at. The rest of the part on discipline gives advice on handling absence, unsatisfactory performance and particular cases – such as those involving trade union representatives, criminal charges or employees in remote locations. Grievances Part 2 – Grievance procedures considers why organisations need procedures and gives advice on how to handle a grievance hearing. Guidance is also given on special cases – such as those to do with bullying or harassment, discrimination and whistleblowing. In these sensitive areas some organisations may wish to develop separate procedures. The statutory minimum grievance procedures are also summarised in Part 2 Grievance procedures. The right to be accompanied Part 3- The right to be accompanied. Checklist for the right of accompaniment has information on the right to be accompanied at disciplinary and grievance meetings. Prevention is better than cure Although it is important to deal with discipline and grievance issues fairly and effectively it is more important to prevent problems arising in the first place. The first step is to understand the relationship between discipline and grievance issues and wider issues like communication, induction and training. For example, if managers and staff are in the habit of talking to each other openly about what’s happening at work then specific problems – like lack of training or poor motivation – can be resolved before any disciplinary action becomes necessary. Equally, if staff are given contracts of employment when they start work – including rules for absence, timekeeping and discipline, as well as details of pay, holidays etc – then there will be less opportunity for ambiguity if problems arise in the future. The use of the formal disciplinary and grievance procedures should be considered a ‘last resort’ rather than the first option. Many problems can be sorted out through informal dialogue between managers and staff –a ‘quiet word’ is often all that’s needed.

Parts and Functions of the Conducting Zones and Respiratory Zones Essay

Parts and Functions of the Conducting Zones and Respiratory Zones - Essay Example The conchae push the air to the wall of the conducting zone, and the respiratory mucosa picks the contaminants that pass through the nose. The other parts involved in the filtration are cilia. Cilia are involved in pushing the contaminants that are trapped by the mucus to the larynx. The contaminants that reach the larynx with the help of cilia are either swallowed or spit out. The other function that occurs in the zone is warming of the air. Air is warmed by the fact that it passes through the conducting zone. On the other hand, the respiratory zones comprise of various parts. These parts are involved in gas exchange. The parts include terminal bronchioles and alveolar sacs. Their main role is to ensure there is a gas exchange. There are mechanisms in which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood. The transport of CO2 takes place in three ways. The first way in which CO2 is transported is through dissolving in plasma. About 7-10 percent of the gas is dissolved through this process. The second way in which the gas is transported is getting attached to the globin of hemoglobin. It is estimated that about 20 percent of the gas is transported by this route. The third way in which the gas is transported is through bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) in plasma. The majority of CO2 is transported through this process and is estimated to be about 70 percent of gas transported. The filtration process takes place in the glomerular capsule. The two main vessels involved in this process are the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole. The afferent arteriole enters the capsule to form a capillary bed called the glomerulus. The capillaries have small openings in terms of pores. In these pores, the filtered material passes and includes urea, uric acid, water, hydrogen ions, and ions. The efferent arteriole exits the capsule carrying nonfiltered components such as blood, glucose, vitamins, proteins, white blood cells, and platelets.  

Diversity and Equality in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Diversity and Equality in Organizations - Essay Example It depends upon management that how they convert those conflicts into cohesiveness and benefit the organization. Diversity is directly pertinent to creativity however; poor management of this does not only takes out creativity of the organization but also brings inequality. When an organization possesses diversity, it is very important for the management to organize it with equality if it wants to acquire its full benefits. When people belong to same background, have same age, possess similar qualifications and skills they have lesser conflicts and more cohesiveness (Agarin & Brosig, 2009, pp. 160-350). Nevertheless, this cohesiveness fails to bring creativity. This happens because they indirectly belong to the same group but when people have diverse background, different ages, and different levels of qualification, it becomes very difficult for them to accept each other. It is a very common phenomenon because even siblings in a house, who belong to same parents, take a lot of time t o accept each other then how can one expect from people who belong to diverse backgrounds to accept each other without conflicts. Due to these conflicts, many organizations refuse to implement diversity in their workplace, which does not create room for innovation in their organization. One thing that needs clarification is the difference between diversity and discrimination. Many organizations unintentionally promote discrimination instead of diversity. Discrimination is present in many forms, which are age, gender, race, disability, marriage, pregnancy etc. This report discusses each of these forms in detail. One form of discrimination that is very common in underdeveloped countries of the world is unfair attitude towards women. Many woman are discriminated if they are pregnant, employers directly discriminate women by asking them to leave their jobs if they want to have maternity leaves. However, organizations also discriminate indirectly so that they do not come under any legal prosecution for implementing inequality. Some times while communicating requirements of a job, organizations state that whoever applies for this job should be able to work for longer hours away from home (Bach, 2005, pp. 56-240). It is obvious that married women are unable to give longer hours away from home as they have to take care of their children and family. Even, unmarried women sometimes cannot give longer hours due to some restrictions. One cannot deny that for some jobs like salespersons’ job, it is very necessary to communicate these requirements. However, if an employer states these requirements just not to attract the women, it is unfair. Apart from these issues, discrimination also lies based on unequal distribution of pay to men and women. Salary does not only include the amount of money given to employees at the end of each month but also fringe benefits like provision of vehicle, utility services, domestic assistance services, medical allowances, entertainment allowances, travel allowances, holidays and the like. Even if men and women get the same amount of money but they get unequal fringe benefits they are discriminated. However, sometimes giving equal benefits is also unfair because men and women possess different set of needs therefore companies should try to first analyze those needs and give benefits accordingly (Bell, 2011, pp. 200-500). Organizations offer various pay

Green Hill Community Center Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green Hill Community Center - Case Study Example According to Worth (2011), all nonprofit organizations must be managed except the very small organizations, in order to meet society’s demands and expectations as well as to avoid the risks to their survival. The nonprofit sector has gained augmented attention due to its dramatic growth and increased assets; it has gained the status of a consequential part of the economy that cannot be ignored (Craver, 2006). Therefore, the stakeholders including the legislature, media and civil society demand the accountability of the assets entrusted to the nonprofit organizations and results achieved through these assets (Worth, 2011). Analysis of Mission of the Greenhill Community Center According to Worth (2011), nonprofit organizations do not indulge in issuing stock shares or the distribution of surplus funds to shareholders and their main aim is to utilize available resources for achieving their mission. Every nonprofit organization must have a clear and concise mission statement and it should devise objectives to attain these aims (Chait, Ryan and Taylor, 2005). The case study clearly shows that Greenhill Community Center has a definite and well defined mission; the main focus of the center is to provide social services to the people of Coastal city. Its main aim is to provide human service programs based on learning and growth by maintaining an intergenerational setting; these programs are designed for the babies, school going children, elderly people etc and entail music classes, day care, after school programs and programs for elderly. The analysis of the case study indicates that staff, board members and trustees are working in order to achieve this aim on t heir respective levels. The mission of the nonprofit organization (NPO) is the most clear when it is founded, the founders are aware of the basic purpose of fundraising and the difference it is going to make (Herman and Heimovics, 2005). With the passage of time, the addition of new programs due to the changing environment and needs decreases the attention to the basic programs (Worth, 2011). The same is happening with the GCC, its focus has diverted towards management, financial and diversification problems due to the influx of refugees from Southeast Asia. Board Members Responsibilities and Governance Structure Worth (2011) illustrated that governing boards of a NPO were responsible for ensuring the achievement of mission as well as the overall welfare of the organization. In GCC, the responsibilities are divided among four board members and they are directors of their respective departments. These members are led by the chief executive; the governance structure of the GCC along w ith the responsibilities of four board members is shown in Fig 1. Figure 1: Organizational Structure of Greenhill Community Centre The board has important role to play in the fund-raising along with some trustees who take active part in the fund-raising. According to Worth (2011), most of the NPOs are termed as corporations and the members of the governing boards are termed as directors under the law, the same

Is Wikipedia a Credible Source or Not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is Wikipedia a Credible Source or Not - Essay Example According to the essay findings, it can, therefore, be said that a lot of information from the Internet is not trustworthy. Someone, even an elementary student, who is not knowledgeable in a subject can contribute to the Internet information databases. Students often go to Wikipedia to get the majority of information for their essays or research papers; however, this site especially is not trusted. An experiment that I did on Wikipedia has proven this statement. I wrote â€Å"My article was published in 2002† on Nature (journal) on Wikipedia on May 27, 2007. What I wrote was obviously worthless information; however, it stayed on the website for six hours. According to Wikipedia article traffic statistics, there were 867 hits on May 27, 2010. Even though there were a lot of hits on the same day, it needed to be caught for six hours. If I wrote something sound, for instance, â€Å"Professor John McGuire at Harvard University published his biology article, a Novel Substrate of m TOR, Negatively Regulates Autophagy, in Nature on May 20, 2009,† someone would have believed this information, or someone would have used this in their essay as a resource. Getting accurate sources from the Internet involves time to think about whether it is reliable or not. We should closely look at an author’s expertise, the title of the website, and the date of publication or latest update. As I set out to prove, Wikipedia is definitely not a credible source.

Research proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research proposal - Dissertation Example The errors encountered while trying to understand a second language are dependent on the method (s) of acquisition. Learning is not as faster as being taught in class. On the best possible way to teach a second language, several errors are realized while teaching a second language and thus the context should be set through the adoption of several teachings methods with more emphasis on the topic, the presenter and the setting. There is very little evidence on the errors experienced while trying to learn a second language. Statement of the Problem There is very little literature if any on errors of learning a second language and hence this proposal. However, Krashen, S. D. (1981) in his research study title principles and practice in second language learning points out that learning a new language depends on the feeling of correctness. Krashen developed several hypotheses and tried to prove them qualitatively arguing that quantitative research design may not give all that it is expect ed as directed by the research questions. To Krashen, the errors encountered while trying to understand a second language are dependent on the method (s) of acquisition. Learning is not as faster as being taught in class. Cook, V. (2000) in support of Krashen’s arguments points that learning a second language with success depends on the willingness and ability to graps the first language. To Cook, the in-ability to learn the first language means that learning a second language may be difficult. To gain a deeper understanding of the perceived errors in learning a second language, Cook employed the use of a sample from an entire population of non-English students in a linguist setting using stratified sampling for uniformity of the results. They were then required to read aloud several English words while recording their different scents. Cook was able to detect that, those that had acquired the English language by being taught has grasped it with finality while those that had learned on themselves were not that proficient. Banes (2002) in his research on the best possible way to teach a second language sums up saying that several errors are realized while teaching a second language and thus the context should be set through the adoption of several teachings methods with more emphasis on the topic, the presenter and the setting. The above citations are proof that there is very little evidence on the errors experienced while trying to learn a second language. Aims and Objectives The aims of the proposed study include; Establishing the impact of second language learning among Saudis; and Gauging perceptions of Saudis in relation to second language learning. This will be aimed at; Identifying the errors involved in learning a second language; Enabling policy makers to take a holistic approach in the learning systems; Identify key hindrances to second learning; and Proposing strategies/policies to the education sector; Sensitizing Saudis on the advantages of second language learning and the common errors made. Research Questions In the conducting the research, the researcher aims at answering the following research questions; Are Saudis aware of the advantages of learning a second

Economics of Multinational Enterprise Assignment

Economics of Multinational Enterprise - Assignment Example One of the ways of addressing the risks is by use of operational hedging. This entails introducing a significant degree of flexible in the main operations of a firm. These include the supply chain, channels of distribution, financial positions, and marketing activities (Aghion et al 35). The objective of this strategy is to create adaptable operations that can rapidly respond to any change in the currency movement. This ensures that the fluctuations that may affect the revenues and the costs are offset. Firms can increase their profits by hedging by adopting various strategies. First, they can source materials thus lowering the costs of transportation resulting in increased profits. Another imperative way that the MNEs can adopt is the use of currency invoicing. This implies that the firm can choose a particular denomination that ensures the firm's prices, as well as those of the competitors, are affected by the exchange rate in the same way. This implies that for any firm to retain a competitive position in the market and attain sustainable profits, it can price its products using a volatile currency as long as the competitors use the same price. According to Grassman’s Law, MNEs should use a vehicle currency by considering their stability, low transaction cost, and liquidity. Based on the three aspects, the US dollar has been used as a vehicle currency for a long time by most of Multinational Enterprises. In their efforts to enter the emerging economies, the majority of MNEs undergo challenges that are associated with the legal process, legislative issues as well as technological factors. As a result, the investment flows from the rich countries to the poor countries are adversely affected. However, by initiating strategic economic policies, the investment flows can have similar effects to those of the free trade. One of the strategies that the host countries should emulate is to ensure that the home currency does not depreciate.

Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper Example Extensive research over multiple aspects of unemployment has revealed that the past unemployment results in change of preferences such as prices and constraints, affecting the levels of future unemployment as well. Individuals differ in certain unmeasured variables that, if not properly controlled, have influential impact on levels of unemployment. There exists, however, no universally acceptable definition of unemployment so far because both employed and unemployed people worldwide are measured quite differently.Over the last few decades, the progressive world economies have, though slowly, recognized the complexity and seriousness of growing unemployment issues at last. However, various scholars and economic organizations have provided with more generalized definitions of unemployment. The most widely referred definition from the International Labor Organization states that unemployment â€Å"occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the pas t four weeks. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.† According to the Census Bureau, â€Å"unemployed persons include those who did not work at all during the survey week, and who were looking for work. Also included are persons who would have been looking for work except that (a) they were temporary ill, (b) they expected to return to a job from which they had been laid off for an indefinite period, or (c) they believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community.† Unemployment can also be defined as, â€Å"An economic condition marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available work force. The level of unemployment varies with economic conditions and other circumstances.† (Investor words, 20 09). Students, children, retired personnel or people not interested in a paid job are not inclusive, however. Categorized on basis of causes and consequences, there are four major types of unemployment in macroeconomics. Frictional unemployment - People who are re-entering (are between jobs) or entering for the first time or after absence from work usually experience short-term unemployment called frictional unemployment. This kind of unemployment is sometimes considered beneficial as it provides time to individuals, organizations and societies to find better jobs build suitable workforce and improve services respectively. Structural unemployment – Unemployment also occurs if there are both jobs and workers available but the skills required for a job are not matching workers’ experience. This situation often results due to changes in structural economies and lasts for several years (long-term). For example, jobs are available in oil and gas industry and workers have sk ills with textile industry, there is a mismatch of skills leading to Structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment – Sometimes, changes in weather, tourist activities or other seasonal factors results in short-term unemployment of related people called Seasonal unemployment. For example, some people experience joblessness as the construction activity slows down during extreme winters. Cyclic unemployment – Due to prolonged periods of recession, production outputs are reduced causing joblessness. Previous employees lose jobs and entrants have fewer openings to search. As business cycle is actively involved, this type of unemployment is called Cyclic unemployment. This is long-term and considered as the most severe kind of unemployment. When joblessness due business cycle is minimized to zero, economists say that we have reached full employment. Rise in level of unemployment is considered among the most worrisome economic problems. Due to gradual adjustments according t o the market equilibrium price and quantity over time, there exists no

Earl of Louisiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Earl of Louisiana - Essay Example In the fight for justice and the Civil Rights movement, Earl Long’s activism and support for Blacks is synonymous with the struggles of the NAACP and other Black right activists. Earl Long was gifted with political insight. He is remembered for the steps he took in ensuring the voting process becomes more smooth and accessible to the African-Americans. The legislature opposed political franchise for the Negros, but Long called on to the African-American community to unite in the name of common cause. He urged them to show full participation in the elections despite the resistance they were facing from the higher authorities. There were about 150,000 Negros registered as voters in contrast to 850,000 whites. Negros compromised about 24 percent of the state and the discrepancy between this and their 15 percent state-wide registration is reflective of the obstacles that they faced in getting themselves registered (Liebling, 205). Backed with the supporters of Hey Long, Earl Long saw the potential in having the Blacks on his side. Making this as major a part of his political campaign, Long stood up for the rights of the blacks and secured a vast majority of vote s from the black community. Earl Long was a staunch believer of equal rights for everyone, and was not racially prejudiced and biased in advancing the rights of the Whites only. Besides the reformative measures Long took to provide Negros with voting rights, Negros gained significantly from his measures in education to increase the literacy level of the Blacks in the state. He held true to the belief that illiteracy was a major impediment to the progress of a state. He was of the viewpoint that there should be no discrepancy in the provision of education and other benefits between the whites and the blacks. During his tenure, he saw to the construction of over a hundred public schools, fourteen trade schools and an increase in the ratio of employment of black school teachers. This

The Second World War Essay Example for Free

The Second World War Essay Priestlys main aim in An Inspector Calls is to draw attention to the roles and consequences of capitalism in society and he achieves this successfully. As he managed to shock audiences of the earlier decades and through the play capitalist attitudes are portrayed as immoral and hypocritical to a modern audience we can see that the play has been successful to a certain extent. J. B. Priestly was born in 1894 and lived through the war. This is important as he witnessed changes in peoples attitudes before and after the year. In order to answer the question, the text must be explored, as must the historical context. It is found that the members of the older generation remain set in their ways and are stubborn. Although the younger generation has been brought up by the older generation, they are generally open to change, but some cannot change because they have been strongly affected by the existing society and are now set in their ways, for example Gerald Croft. Some may see why people are changing but may be afraid to change as their families and friends may turn away and then they would be alone. Businesses and reputations would also be at stake. By conveying this through a family, it becomes easier for the audience to absorb small details that together convey Priestlys view to the audience. An Inspector Calls was written in 1945 (at the end of the Second World War) and was first produced in the same year, although it is set in 1912 before the First World War. This is a key factor in determining the impact of the play. In one of Mr. Birlings speeches at the beginning of the play, he mentions that the Titanic is unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. This is ironic as the modern audience know that the Titanic did sink, and the earlier audiences would also have known about this [and they may have been close to someone who had died in the event]. This would increase the audiences hatred of capitalists and their views and therefore draws attention to Priestlys main aim. An even more powerful example is the section of the speech referring to war. Just because the Kaiser makes a speech or two, or a few German officers begin talking nonsense, Mr. Birling assumes that there is no chance of a war. However, the audience would certainly know that war was inevitable, a claim to which Mr. Birling exclaims fiddlesticks! Mr. Birling tells everyone that he is a hard-headed, practical man of business and that he says there isnt a chance of war. His arrogance prompts the audience to dislike him immensely, as everyone knows that there was a terrible war. He also mentions that Capitalists cannot let these Bernard Shaws and H. G. Wellses do all the talking. This is also ironic as these two people are still powerful influences and socialist figures, and are recognised widely today whereas very few capitalist figures, if indeed any are recognised today for the better. Mr. Birling clearly represents capitalism within the play and we can see that this is true by looking at his speech and at the manner in which he speaks. A powerful example of this is when he talks about duty. The Inspector says that it is his duty to ask questions. Mr. Birling then says that it his duty to keep labour costs down. He then justifies what he believes to be a perfectly acceptable claim. However, we know that he really means that it is his duty to himself and capitalist society. Therefore he does not have a concept of duty. When the Inspector talks about duty, he uses the word as a moral term; duty to the girl, to society, to truth and to what is right. This is clearly the better use of the word, and demonstrates that Socialist ideas are better than Capitalist ideas. When Eric challenges his fathers action of dismissing Eva Smith, Mr. Birling angrily tells him that its about time [he] learnt to face a few responsibilities. This is ironic as Mr. Birling himself clearly needs to face responsibilities and is telling his son to do this when actually Mr. Birling has no concept of the term responsibility. Therefore, another example of the Capitalist attitude is portrayed to the audience. Such attitudes demonstrate to the audience that the world needs to change and helps them to accept the ideas of socialism. Mr. Birling abuses his power as he uses his status to dismiss Eva Smith from the works. As shed had a lot to say far too much, she had to go. He clearly feels that this justifies his actions and is surprised when both Eric and the Inspector are critical of them. This again shows the upper classes capitalist views and Priestly is attacking them through the Inspectors character.

What Led To The Introduction Of Itv Media Essay

What Led To The Introduction Of Itv Media Essay British broadcasting has come a long way in the past fifty years, from a monopoly held by the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) to the huge diversity of channels we now have, from not only terrestrial television, but also Sky and cable. The genres of the programmes on these channels are now so diverse that there is rarely a point in time when somebody cannot find something on television. From the birth of television in 1936 and up until 1955 the BBC had held the monopoly over broadcasting, at first, only showing 6 hours a day of programmes deemed suitable by traditionalists, like Sir Lord Reith who at the time was the Director-General of the BBC, for the public. It was in 1955 that the first big change in broadcasting came about with the introduction of ITV which broke the monopoly and thus by the same token led to greater competition within the market. In this essay I will discuss what important factors and issues with the BBC led to the introduction of the commercial channel ITV a nd later, Channel 4; and how it caused unlikely alliances, disputes and controversy. At the BBCs creation it was deemed appropriate that it should be a public service broadcaster, while this meant that it would be isolated from commercial pressures it also meant that it would need to have alternative funding; this came in the form of the television license fee which was basically a broadcast receiving tax. As the BBC was funded by the Government via a tax they had to provide an impartial service which had to conform to its Royal Charter of 1927; among other things it said that the BBC had to: Sustain citizenship and civil society, promote education and learning, stimulate creativity and cultural excellence and represent the UK, its nations, regions and communities [3]. After the WWII, the BBCs monopoly began to be questioned, this lead to a growing aversion towards paternalism and a yearning for freedom of choice. Subsequently, after a change in power in late 1951, the Conservative party decided to publish its own ideas for the breaking of the BBC monopoly. They suggested: In the expanding field of television, provision should be made to permit some element of competition when the calls on capital resources at present needed for purposes of greater national importance makes this feasible. In essence this was the first step in the creation of ITV. Unlike the BBC, ITV was to be funded via the sale of slots in its broadcasting timetable for advertisers (another option was to allow sponsorship; however, the regulator thought this was not appropriate). The nature and quality of the advertising was, however, stringently controlled by the regulators and no more than 6 minutes of adverts were to be shown within any given hour. One of the main factors in the introduction of ITV was to increase consumer choice. Up until 1952 there was only one channel to watch and so you had either the option of watching the one programme that was on at the time or not watching television at all. This was at a time that the country was feeling more confident, workers wages were increasing and the first whiff of prosperity was filtering across the country. Individual identity was starting to be questioned, one could argue that this was partly due to the American influence of TV and radio; whether it was the gritty US hero films, the songs of Buddy Holly and Johnny Cash or just the feeling that the US had everything bigger, better, richer and possibly, to use a more modern expression, more trendy. The introduction of ITV not only doubled the number of programmes people could choose from but also led to higher quality programmes being directed. People liked this increased choice and freedom to make their own decisions; as Frede rick Ogilvie, a former Director General of the BBC, stated Freedom is choice And monopoly of broadcasting is inevitably the negation of freedom no matter how efficiently it is run [2] The reason for greater quality of programmes was the increased competition after the creation of ITV. For ITV to receive the maximum amount of revenue from its advertising it needed to have a high proportion of the public watching its channel. While this required a lot of initial investment to create the programmes in the long term it would provide more than enough advertising revenue to cover this cost. This also, although maybe subtly, influenced the BBC. While at first glance it may seem that the BBC and ITV have different revenue streams and are therefore not direct competitors, the BBC had to keep up with the increasing quality of the ITV programmes. This was not because, unlike ITV, they needed to increase revenue but because if they were not seen to have programmes of a similar or greater quality than ITV then soon the general public would start to question the television licence fee which could have led to the end of the BBCs funding and indeed the end of the company itself. Another criticism of the BBC was that they only really catered for the population inside London which was exposed in the report of 1951. This report shocked many people as it was written by MP Sir William Beveridge. People expected him to side with the BBC as he upheld many traditional values, like Lord Reith. He suggested that it should set up national commissions for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland [1]. Beveridge, however, didnt agree with the introduction of commercial television, after seeing how the advertising worked in America he deemed it obtrusive and objectionable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ironically it was the Beveridge report that spurred the conservative government in 1951 to move forward with plans of commercial television as his report encouraged, the conservative MP Lloyd Selwyn to do a follow up report, in which he agreed with many of Beveridges points, he was for the introduction of commercial television. Selwyn along with many other business men saw the potential investm ents that could be made in commercial television; they believed that many benefits would come from advertising their products as it would reach millions. This self-profit idea didnt go unnoticed and caused some controversy, one even said At what point are the MPs representing their constituencies and web are they speaking as directors?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Initially it was planned that ITV should be made up of three separate franchise regions: London, the Midlands and the North, each of which would be occupied by more than one contractor. This would lead to competition not only between the combined ITV force and the BBC but also between the different contractors. However, there was a failure on the governments behalf, due to not allocating enough frequencies, this was unable to happen. Instead to still keep competition high the ITA decided to split the franchises on a weekday/weekend basis. People were fed up of the American commercial nature of ITV and how all of its shows strived for ratings rather than quality and so there was a committee set up to investigate the state of broadcasting in the 1960s. It was called the Pilkington report and its function was to clean up the vulgarity of ITV. The report praised the BBC and allowed the introduction of a second channel, BBC2. In a way the Pilkington report was like going back in a way in broadcasting history, it took on the paternalistic role, that the public so hated about the BBC. Eventually people accepted ITV and the BBC working together and the competition grew much less fierce. People had decided what shows they did and didnt like and would pick and choose between the two, this was known as the golden age of television which lasted nearly twenty years. Between 1960 and 1962 The Pilkington Committee met to consider the future of broadcasting in Britain. This was at a time of increasing hostility towards the relatively newly formed commercial broadcaster, ITV. At the time the committee published their report it was unsurprising that ITV came under particular criticism. The committee found ITV broadcasted programmes of a trivial nature. This was most probably a not a reference to the actual subjects discussed but to the actual style and presentation of these subjects. This report led to the introduction of a second BBC channel, BBC2, in 1964. In 1980 the Broadcasting Act was passed which commenced the process for the creation of a fourth channel, Channel 4, which began broadcasting on 2nd November 1982. While for some time there had been a belief that a second commercial broadcaster would be launched after ITV, it was expected that this would come sooner than it did. It is most likely that the biggest reason for the delay, for almost three decades, was politics. Summed up it was a clash of beliefs between the expansion of the commercial character of ITV and the public service approach of BBC. I believe one of the main reasons for the introduction was because times were becoming more liberal and there were many creative directors and producers who wanted to make interesting cultural and controversial shows. These people, no matter how good their programmes were, were unable to get them shown on the BBC or ITV either because the content was too risky or it would not have pulled in a big enough audience to satisfy the advertisers. However, the market researchers at the time saw the need for a channel that would represent minorities and address hard hitting topics; it was also believed that these programmes would help discourage racism and discrimination. The other thing that made the government back the introduction of Channel 4 was that all of the programmes were going to be independently made by different production companies all over the country, and that initially the existing commercial companies would fund them. Over time Channel 4 began commissioning the programmes it self. Also the Conservative government led by Margaret Thatcher was incredibly supportive of the idea of entrepreneurship and so this was another reason Channel 4 was backed. It was however the Labour Government that finally got the channel up and running; they wanted the channel to tackle political issues without feeling the pressure from higher individuals to tone down. In conclusion, the history of terrestrial television was a hard struggle. To reach the level of freedom of content that we see today, whether, it is scenes of a violent or sexual nature in programmes like BBCs The Tudors or channel 4s dispatches series even the Question time with Nick Griffin, all of these broadcasts whether you agree with the content or not, are there for viewing with our own discretion, and a far cry from the paternal monopoly that the BBC held for so many years. Ultimately the reason for the introduction of these channels was to increase consumer choice which as a Democratic country was wanted by the people. It was this demand for consumer choice that brought us to the hundreds of channels that we see today. Out of this spawned the huge competition between channels that will be never-ending, with programmes such as Strictly Come Dancing scheduled at the same time as the X Factor. Referances [1]Kevin Williams Get me a Murder a Day! a history of mass communication in britan, Arnold 1998 chapter 8 [2] Quoted by Crisell An Introductory History of British Broadcasting, p77. [3] a statement from the BBCs public service remit

Strategic Analysis of Nestle

Strategic Analysis of Nestle Background of the company: Nestlà © with headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà ©. In the beginning, Nestlà © Company specializes in selling infant milk; which provide alternative for mothers who could not breast feed their infant or infants who were unable to tolerate their mother milk (Nestle.com). His product became a success, and it created a demand throughout Europe. As Nestlà ©s popularity grew more businesses wanted to merge and become partners with Henri Nestlà ©s business. From 1866 to 1947 the Nestlà © Company had gone through several name changes. In 1905, Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. and Farine Lactee Henri Nestlà © merged, and the companys name became Nestlà © Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. Then in 1929, Peter-Cailler-Kohler Chocolates Suisses S.A. merged with the company. The name was then changed to Nestlà © Anglo-Swiss Holding Co. Ltd, on November 27, 1936. In December 1947, Co. acquired all the shares capital of the Alimentana S.A. Company in exchan ge for fifteen Nestlà © shares and fifteen Unilac shares for each of Alimentana S.A. share, so this point the name was at Nestlà © Alimentana S.A. And then finally, the last name change that the company would endure was in 1977, where it adopted the name Nestlà © SA (Mergent Online). Along the way Nestlà ©s company remain successful, which allowed them expand to new region and territories throughout the world, making them the worlds biggest food and beverage company. Nestlà ©s headquarters are located in Vevey, Switzerland, but the Nestlà © Company has factories or operation in almost ever country in the world. In addition, to the increase in the size of the Nestlà © Company; Nestlà © also has increased the variety in the different products they offer. In Nestlà ©s business strategy they encourage product growth through innovation and renovation (Nestle.com). This strategy has allowed Nestlà © to develop many different products in the various fields: baby foods, dairy prod ucts, breakfast cereals, ice creams, chocolates and confectionery, prepared foods, beverages, food services, bottled water, and pet care. Introduction of the Company: Nestlà © is the worlds leading food company. Since it was set up by Henri Nestlà © to provide an infant food product, it has been associated with providing high quality, customer and consumer focused products. In recent years it has focused on becoming a nutrition, health and wellness company. Wellness is about supporting people to live more healthy lives e.g. through the development of probity yoghurts that help maintain the balance of the digestive system. The company is a world leader in research and development, and Nestlà ©s scientists work in all areas to create healthier and more nutritious foods. Brief History: In 1866 Henri Nestlà ©, a pharmacist, developed a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. His first Success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. People quickly recognized the value of the new product, after Nestlà ©s new formula saved the childs life, and soon, Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was being sold in much of Europe. In 1905 Nestlà © merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. By the early 1900s, the Company was operating factories in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain. World War I created new demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts. By the end of the war, Nestlà ©s Production had more than doubled. After the war Government contracts dried up and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlà ©s management responded by streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlà ©s First expansion into new products, with chocolate the Companys second m ost important activity. Nestle felt the effects of World War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 million in 1938 to $6 million in 1939. Factories were established in developing countries, particularly Latin America. Ironically, the war Helped with the introduction of the Companys newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple drink of the Nestlà ©s production and sales rose in the wartime economy. The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlà ©. Growth accelerated and Companies were acquired. Nestlà ©s growth in the developing world partially offset a slowdown in the Companys traditional markets. Nestlà © made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc. Nestlà © divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestlà ©s improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most important being American food giant Carnation. The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestlà ©: trade barriers crumbled and world markets Developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino in 1997, Spillers Pet foods in 1998, and Ralston Purina in 2002. In July of 2002, there were two major Acquisitions in North America, Nestlà © merged its U.S. ice cream business into Dreyers, and in August, a USD 2.6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc. In the later year, Nestlà © also focus their diversification in the ice cream market. The beginning of this interest shows in the year 2003 when the company decided to acquire Movenpick Ice Cream. Then, in 2005 and 2006, Nestlà © bought 2 huge ice cream companies, Delta Ice Cream and Dreyers; making them the worlds biggest ice cream maker with a market share of 17.5%. These decisions further enhance Nestlà ©s position as one of the world market leader in this product category. In 2007, Nestlà © Company made a related acquisition and strategic alliance to improve the overall performance of the company. The first one is their acquisition of Gerber Products from Novartis AG. Although Nestle has a strong position and market power in baby food market in emerging countries, such as China and India, they do not have the same strong position in baby food market in the US. Acquiring Gerber product, which has around 80% market share in baby food in US market, allows Nestle to grab the market easier. Today, it is an international conglomerate operating as a food manufacturer with nearly 500 factories around the globe. With a presence in almost every country, Nestlà © employs some 230,000 people of more than 100 nationalities and of many creeds. It claims to be the leading food manufacturer and major purchaser of agricultural raw materials for over 130 years. It produces too many brands too count with some of the most popular appearing in various markets; coffee, bottle water, ice cream, infant nutrition and pet-care. Accusative of SCM in Nestlà © To actively contribute as the first association in an incorporated supply chain approach with the accusative of: Increasing supplier relationships which highlight value and thereby surpass the traditional notion of price; Serving a affirmable, quantifiable, competitive advantage for Nestlà © while concentrating expertise and ensuring both quality supply and full satisfaction to all internal clients; Satisfying the companys supplies for materials, goods and services delivered in full, on time and efficiently; Contributing to the growth and profitability of the company, while seeking continuous improvement in the benefits provided by suppliers through reducing lead time reduction or flexibility in supplies; Nurturing competition between suppliers; Constantly monitoring the performance, dependability and feasibility of suppliers. Scope of SCM in Nestle The Scope of Nestle is to cover all Nestlà ©s spent with third parties logistics excluding trade spend. And to act with the knowledge source on all matters pertaining to the procurement of materials, services and supplies. Two primary supply chain functions that encompass strategic and operational activities are used in Nestlà ©: Logistics Buyers: As Nestle came in Pakistan in 1988 and they are the market leaders in the dairy products. As nestle Pakistan is already in the business of dairy so Nestle bargaining power of supplier would be very moderate and performing its strategic activities such as market research or analysis, supplier profiling and selection, negotiation, Nestle and contract management, in collaboration with other professionals. And buys can remain within their functional area, as long as there is a line of responsibility to the relevant Head of supply chain. This will ensure that they are informed of and contribute to purchasing strategies, training, budgets, etc.Thus, at the raw materials stage, Nestle supports sustainable agricultural and dairy farming practices, including environmental protection. Logistics Buyers are responsible for the following; Expansion of reliable suppliers; Strength of understanding and subsequent implementation of Nestlà ©s strategies and tactics; Price and total cost management of materials, goods and services purchased, including involvement in the determination of physical stock objectives; Establishing and managing contracts and frame agreements; Helping with new product development; Channelizing suppliers technology and Nestlà ©s for the benefit of Nestlà ©; Safeguarding quality standards; Keeping a market view, product knowledge and, wherever possible, benchmarking competition; Ensuring confidentiality of proprietary know-how belonging to both Nestlà © and suppliers. Functional Buyers: They perform functional activities such as sending purchase orders, call-off against catalogue, etc. When it comes to production, all Nestle factories try to maximize eco-efficiency, i.e. increase production while minimizing Nestle consumption, waste and emissions. PLACE Nestle products placed by different channels to hit the target consumers in Pakistan. Nestle coverage has been quit flexible for intended positioning. Assortments regarding Nestle product is very enthusiastic. Nestle plant locations are positioned in such a manner which makes it accessible either to consumer as well as retailers. Nestle have a completely separate department which is in place to make assure that the inventory remains fresh. Nestle transportation are marked by Nestle brand name and finally Nestle logistics and equipment are installed by the professionals of Motorola to keep track of everything. Global/Zone/Region/Local To meet operational objectives, supply chain is organized geographically or by business through a network of buyers (virtual) on a global/zone/region/local basis. Products are manufactured in five facilities scattered around the Pakistan, from Islamabad in the north, to Karachi in the south. Nestle has two state-of-the-art milk processing plants one in Sheikhupura other in Kabirwala both located agricultural heartland of the Punjab with its head quarter in Lahore, Punjab and the remaining three are dedicated to producing Nestlà ©s trusted brands of bottled water. The aggregation of supply chain up to the highest appropriate level, for any material category or supplier(s) with the purpose of: Shaping and executing a Nestle strategy; Leveraging Nestlà ©s purchasing power; Improved management in the supplier base; STRENGTH According to nestle.com, Nestle is the worlds largest food and beverage company in terms of sales. Due to strong brand name Nestlà ©s product has gained a wide consumer acceptance from all over the Pakistan. The biggest strength, Nestle has is the strong brand name the risk in investing would be reasonable very low and the pledge of getting a viable business, one that has been worked many times before. Nestle has set a complete transparent manufacturing system for customer satisfaction in terms of hygiene. Nestle has strengthen Nestlà ©s product by broad distribution network by increasing the capacity for innovation which lead to an improvement in sale growth. Nestle has organized teams which inspect and observe the accumulation (stock) on daily bases to prevent any damages occurring and also in order to maintain the standard these teams also monitors inventory fresh. Nestle maintain a standard of inventory to avoid any surprise like shortage, weather it is winter or summer no matter what circumstances are. Further strengths are; Strengths: Skilled labor. Educated staff. Large number of offerings. Pre purchase virtual display. Arrangement of events. Good background of the company. Easy to approach outlets. Physical evidence WEAKNESS The main weakness of Nestle product is the lack of an established good standing. Nestle competitors have been around for decades and therefore have a loyal base. Spending millions in a strong brand is no guarantee to wealth. It may the safest way to get into the business, but it is not necessarily the cheapest. Further weakness would be. Weaknesses: Small target market. Lack of awareness among the target market. Dependency on others (govt. sponsors) for the arrangement of events. OPPORTUNITIES The biggest opportunity Nestle would have to consider geographically. Pakistan is situated in an area where summer is the available most of the time. Due to strong brand name in the market Nestle product has a great potential of earning profits. Further opportunities would be. Opportunities: Increasing interest of people Few and weak competitors in some products THREATS The biggest threat to Nestlà ©s product is the fierce competition in the local market. Walls by (Unilever) are one of the biggest names in ice cream which not only distribute their products nationwide but also had a total control on the local market. The second thread that Nestle product will face would be Shezan, Gourmet and many others small bakeries which have their influence on the market. Threats: Major player may enter target market Legal and ethical issues. Market segment growth could attract new entrants. Economic slowdown can reduce demand. To leverage Nestlà ©s supply chain as a strength in a business environment where the impact and importance on many spend categories is increasing, requires that planning and strategy determination, receive as much consideration today as at anytime in the past. It is necessary to understand that supply markets are not and will not always be in surplus or excess, so the assurance of long term competitive supply through sound purchasing planning and strategy implementation is essential for Nestlà ©s growth and profitability objectives. Planning The successful execution of a purchasing strategy demands that the analysis has been performed with: Confidence in the accuracy of the information provided; Clarity in the way the information is presented; Completeness of the information to be considered. As Nestlà © seeks the aggregation of volume to the highest appropriate level, supply chain planning takes on a heightened level of importance because the number of customers/stakeholders and specifications make the planning exercise more complex. Planning must also address the Nestles and expertise that will be needed to implement the chosen purchasing strategy. The trend to outsource (see Subcontracting/Outsource) both the initial conversion of raw materials, the manufacture of certain semi-finished or finished products and some services, requires that the original expertise in purchasing these materials and services is now needed to manage suppliers fulfilling a higher added-value process. In addition, consideration must be given to decide the specific value drivers of the subcontracting initiative for which Nestlà © needs to control either the Nestle or pricing (or both). The realizations of the importance of the Supply chain spend categories will result in supply chain allocating more attention to them. The task of planning a supply chain initiative may well require a different skill set and knowledge base to that traditionally expected of a Strategic Buyer. Strategies The evaluation of different supply chain strategies can only take place once a detailed spends analysis has been completed. Strategic considerations need to focus on the long-term management of the supply base and must take into account: Business sector objectives; Total cost of ownership; Supply market and its evolution; Appropriate purchasing approach (e-Auctions, tenders, negotiations); Value creation opportunities; Realization that while cost containment/ reduction is critical as a tactical move to achieve short term objectives, the strategic emphasis focuses on ensuring that suppliers commit themselves to work with Nestlà © (production capacity reservation, RD investment, technology and process-driven improvements and, where appropriate, the sustainability of the suppliers business); Emphasis on price management through competitive bidding; Key stake holders involvement and their support. The next quantum leap in supply chain benefits and savings will be achieved from purchasing ability to work with suppliers to have fewer and standardized specifications. As citizens of Pakistan, we consider it Nestle duty to make sure that Nestle manufacturing processes are clean, hygienic and safe. We are constantly working to reduce emissions at Nestle factories, reducing and treating wastewater, and making Nestle packaging environmentally friendly. Regular audits have confirmed that Nestle factories environmental management meets the Nestlà © international standard. As is the Nestlà © policy around the world, we care for Nestle people. We uphold the principles of the UN Global Compact and encourage women to participate. Specification rationalization will not only allow higher volume price leverage but also, and more importantly, expose efficiencies throughout the supply chain, resulting in lower costs. Subcontracting/Outsourcing A key strategy in Nestle products and services is Subcontracting (also known as co-manufacturing co-packing or contract- manufacturing contract-packing)/ Outsourcing. The responsibility of subcontracting activities relating to manufacturing rests with Technical and Production. Normally a Strategic Buyer (see definition in Organization and Structure,) will lead this process and manage cross functional teams to safeguard the commercial relationship as well as to ensure optimum terms and conditions for Nestlà ©. Subcontractors and Outsourcing contractors are required to adhere to Nestlà ©s Corporate Business Principles and to this document. Cross-Functional Teamwork Different initiatives with colleagues from various functions within the Technical Division are proof that supply chain must continue to work within and expand the use of cross-functional teams. Managements expectations from supply chain, especially in the categories, will only be achieved by a cross-functional effort. Depending on the scope of the project, such teams may also involve suppliers and third-party expertise. Nestlà © believe and encourages the role of suppliers in improvement, creativity, innovation and the identification of new business proposals, which will enhance and add brand value. Nestlà © always considers suppliers as a vital information source and. As the relationship with supplier progresses, it may well evolve into that of a preferred supplier. Supplier Selection Nestlà © selects suppliers based on the following certain criteria: Suppliers ability to offer a competitive value; Reputation in market, financial position and previous record with Nestlà ©; Ownership, management structure and competence; Innovation, service level and transparency; Corporate social responsibility standards; Ability and willingness to work with our preferred tools, processes and solution providers; Sustainable business practices. Supplier Management To improve and manage the supplier base and reduce transactional expenses, Nestlà © may ask for suppliers to: Offer their products or services via e-Requisitioning (catalogues); Accept payment by credit card; Deliver materials through a vendor managed inventory (VMI) or consignment stock initiative; Work together using e-Supply Chain tools; Other similar consideration. Approval/Accreditation The following elements of the suppliers business environment are considered key evaluation requirements before formal approval is agreed: Management structure and competence; Financial circumstances; Ownership ; Morals and ethical business principles/conduct Competitiveness Price/cost transparency. The suppliers technical competence in the following areas is evaluated if a material, product or service is needed. Capability / Capacity; Process controls; Quality assurance programs (safety and legal compliance, good manufacturing practices); Sustainable environmental practices Research and Development (RD) emphasis. Quality Management For the Nestlà © Group, Quality is the Number One Priority. Throughout the world, over ten million people enjoy Nestlà ©s products each and every day. Nestlà ©s objective of offering consumers high quality nutritional products similarly nestle expect suppliers to assure the quality of the material they supply or the service they give. To attained that particular task suppliers must therefore be fully aware of Nestlà ©s quality and safety standards, understand Nestle quality policy; share the objectives and work jointly to achieve them. In particular they consider their suppliers responsibility to ensure the traceability of all materials used in their own production or process. Nestle believe suppliers superior quality is a competitive advantage and a joint effort by all parties in the value chain is needed Supplier Audit Suppliers of raw and packaging materials must be incorporated into a formal assessment scheme, which covers audits and inspections of their quality records. Formal audits of the suppliers quality assurance system and technical capabilities must be carried out, with focus on the First Priority Level aspects of the Nestlà © Quality System. Suppliers need to be open and responsive to Nestlà ©s requirements and provide all necessary information on the composition and manufacture of their products. This includes information on any additives and processing aids used, allergenic substances (Intended addition, indirect addition by carry-over or possibility of cross-contamination), individual components of packaging materials, or in changes to the manufacturing conditions of the product. Communication Communication in corporate environment is fully integrated and communication is must ensuring that it; Is advised on time of the goals/plans concerning manufacturing/product line/policies and regulation, investments, new or revised specifications, etc.; Has enhanced cooperation and decision-making ability as a result of better, real-time information/data; Can quickly inform organization and business colleagues of unanticipated operating constraints, changing supply market conditions and opportunities, and forecasted cost variances, supply issues (supplies, quality), etc. Purchasing Intranet To share information about market prices, supplier information, and organizations, spends information, templates and best practices nestle Web-based communication tool used internally within the Nestlà ©. It is frequently modified and frequently evolves to meet the needs of Nestlà ©. E-Procurement Nestlà © encourages and promotes the utilization of electronic tools to maximize the value chain to lower price, generate efficiencies, make product availability and improve customer service. Nestlà © believe two dimensions to e-Procurement: Transactional tools i.e. e-Requisitioning (catalogues), e -Sourcing, e-Tenders, electronic ordering and invoicing-Cards; E-Collaborative tools i.e. collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) and VMI using electronic messaging. Supply chain evaluates and promotes the use of e-Procurement tools both within the company and within the supplier base. This is much more a subject of viewpoint (and business excellence) rather than one of technology. Information Systems/Technology Supply chain will be really facilitated by superior IS/IT infrastructure, common business applications and best practices. Visibility of standardized, real-time purchasing data/information will allow aggregated spend category study. This will help identify opportunities and define more effective supply chain strategies with the objective of achieving lower total cost. HR is dedicated to Nestlà ©s employees, and ensures that they have all the right people with the right skills, in the right places at the right time. Understanding that people are the bedrock of all the business strategies, it is Nestlà ©s mandate to enhance their skills with cutting-edge training and provide them with world-standard facilities. Nestle select flexible, innovative people who are ready to confront new challenges and make a difference. Nestlà ©s groundbreaking Management Trainee Program aims to develop talented young men and women and help them achieve their potential in a dynamic and enabling environment. Over a hundred people travel out of the country every year to take advantage of Nestlà ©s international training and development events Following critical areas by which Nestle has achieve its goals in the success of supply chain: Selection The outline of the applicant must correspond to the demands of the post to be filled and corporate values. Additionally selection choice will include strong work ethic, sincerity, technical awareness, entrepreneurial persona, initiative, communication skills, cooperation and result oriented. No favoritism on the basis of origin, ethnic group, religion, race, gender, disability or age will occur during selection. Individuals with high potential will be primary/ priority candidates, in order to upgrade both the position and the function. Skills Skills further than managing transactions and costs are required to meet up the growing complexity and effect of the supply chain management role. Indeed, contributing to results through project work and particular assignments becomes extra frequent, reaching beyond conventional limits to help attain enhanced group performance. For supply chain staff in senior positions, leadership and people management skills such as the ability to motivate and to develop people within a result-oriented rather than a task-oriented organization are mainly important. Training Supply chain management personnel do receive official training as well as coaching by superiors and on-the-job training. Self-studies through e-Learning is promoted whenever likely, as well as participation in specific supply chain programs. Training are to be focused on enhancing specialized and human skills, knowledge and competence for the current position and, where appropriate, for developing and preparing the individual for future challenges. Development Constant communication between the worker and his/her manager is required through constant feedback, objective oriented criticism and formal planning for kaizen continuous improvement. Managers will organize less but place greater emphasis on training and supporting to achieve the required targets. Involvement and Motivation Key elements include in involvement and motivation is the following: Transparent accountabilities and clear definition of jobs; Clear declaration of objectives and performance feedback; Administration recognition to worker; Fair play in reward with other functions; internal career moves within or outside firm must be clearly defined to complement the move towards a flat and flexible structure. In line with Nestlà ©s global commitment, Nestlà © Pakistan is dedicated to playing its role in helping to protect the environment. Nestle comply with the Environmental Act (1997), and try to ensure that at every stage of its operations, the environmental impact is minimal. Nestlà ©s factories are equipped with complete testing and monitoring facilities for waste and air emissions. To eliminate air pollution, they have stopped using heavy fuel oil in factories, which are now run on clean natural gas. This has reduced their emissions into the atmosphere to well below the legal limits In 2006, Nestle has upgraded their wastewater treatment plants in two factories. Thats not all; they are continually reducing on consumption of raw water per ton of production. Irresponsible packaging can have a heavy impact on the environment. To reduce the amount of material used without jeopardizing the safety and quality of Nestlà ©s products, they are always working on new packaging solutions that have minimal weight and volume and can be easily recycled. Natural gas furnaces at Sheikhupura Kabirwala factories are used to safely dispose of material that cannot be recycled dumped. Their factories have environment committees to manage routine environment issues and review performance. Environmental impacts assessment is done in advance for every new project and measures are adopted to minimize adverse impacts on the environment. Raw Materials Nestlà © supports sustainable farming practices that, by meaning, satisfy long-term economic, environmental and social necessities. These points are best to achieved through integrated and advance production methods. The following principles Nestle desires when sourcing raw materials: All raw materials should meet both legal and internal quality standard, including environmental consideration; Whenever possible, preference is given to raw materials that are produced by environmentally sound farming methods (e.g. integrated c

Tradition and Ancestry in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo Essay -- Ishmael

Tradition and Ancestry in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Western industrialized world, time is seen as a progression of events, the present building on the past as civilization becomes more "advanced." However, in the African conception of time, "the human being goes backward ...he is oriented toward the world of the ancestors, toward those who no longer belong to the world of the living" (Zahan 45). Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo problematizes the relationship between past and present. Rejecting both the ideas of "progress" and of strict adherence to tradition, he advocates instead improvisation--responding and adapting to immediacy without uprooting one's connections to the past.    For the inhabitant of the Western industrialized world, the paradigm of progress dominates his or her conceptions of birth, death, time, and history. Tradition is part of a construction of history that shows the causal progression of events from the past to the present. Time is linear. An individual progresses forward in life, socially and materially advancing himself or herself as much as possible within one life-span. Old age denotes the approach of death--the end of individual progress and the barrier of human progress. Consumerism, materialism and scientific empiricism are the mechanisms of Western progress. They presuppose a separation between man and woman, his body, and his environment, and the ability of the ormer to control the latter three, assumptions which can ultimately wreak "havoc among cultures that are not organized around the pursuit of material abundance" (Diamond 138). According to anthropologist Dominique Zahan, tradition, for the African "is above al l the collective experience of the com... ...Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart New York: Astor-Honor, Inc., 1959. Badomo, Andre. "Tradition and Modernism on Horseback." Ness 99-107. Bernard, Bouba. "Reflections on the Life of the European." Ness 27-41. Desmangles, Leslie G. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 1992. Diamond, Irene. Fertile Ground: Women, Earth, and the Limits ofControl Boston: Beacon Press, 1994. Ness. Philip A. Grafting Old Rootstock: Studies in Culture and Religion of the Chamba, Duru, Fula, and Gbaya of Cameroun. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc., 1982. Reed, Ishmael. Mumbo Jumbo. New York: Atheneum, 1972. Zahan, Dominique. The Religion, Spirituality, and Thought of Traditional Africa. Trans. Kate Ezra Martin and Lawrence M. Martin. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1979. Tradition and Ancestry in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo Essay -- Ishmael Tradition and Ancestry in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Western industrialized world, time is seen as a progression of events, the present building on the past as civilization becomes more "advanced." However, in the African conception of time, "the human being goes backward ...he is oriented toward the world of the ancestors, toward those who no longer belong to the world of the living" (Zahan 45). Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo problematizes the relationship between past and present. Rejecting both the ideas of "progress" and of strict adherence to tradition, he advocates instead improvisation--responding and adapting to immediacy without uprooting one's connections to the past.    For the inhabitant of the Western industrialized world, the paradigm of progress dominates his or her conceptions of birth, death, time, and history. Tradition is part of a construction of history that shows the causal progression of events from the past to the present. Time is linear. An individual progresses forward in life, socially and materially advancing himself or herself as much as possible within one life-span. Old age denotes the approach of death--the end of individual progress and the barrier of human progress. Consumerism, materialism and scientific empiricism are the mechanisms of Western progress. They presuppose a separation between man and woman, his body, and his environment, and the ability of the ormer to control the latter three, assumptions which can ultimately wreak "havoc among cultures that are not organized around the pursuit of material abundance" (Diamond 138). According to anthropologist Dominique Zahan, tradition, for the African "is above al l the collective experience of the com... ...Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart New York: Astor-Honor, Inc., 1959. Badomo, Andre. "Tradition and Modernism on Horseback." Ness 99-107. Bernard, Bouba. "Reflections on the Life of the European." Ness 27-41. Desmangles, Leslie G. The Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 1992. Diamond, Irene. Fertile Ground: Women, Earth, and the Limits ofControl Boston: Beacon Press, 1994. Ness. Philip A. Grafting Old Rootstock: Studies in Culture and Religion of the Chamba, Duru, Fula, and Gbaya of Cameroun. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc., 1982. Reed, Ishmael. Mumbo Jumbo. New York: Atheneum, 1972. Zahan, Dominique. The Religion, Spirituality, and Thought of Traditional Africa. Trans. Kate Ezra Martin and Lawrence M. Martin. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1979.

Yanomamo: People of the Rainforest Essay -- Culture Essays Venezuela E

Yanomamo: People of the Rainforest Located in the Amazon Basin of Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil, the Yanomamo are an indigenous group numbering close to 23,000. They utilize slash and burn horticulture, hunting and gathering to survive within their ecosystem. Napoleon Chagnon termed the group, â€Å"fierce people†, citing their numerous disputes within non-allied villages. Aside from their periodic warfare, they have managed to build and sustain their unique culture through adaptations to their environment for generations. Family Organization Yanomamo families may live together as simply nuclear, polygnous, or extended (Ramos 1995, 188). Each house may have somewhere between one to six family compartments (Ramos 1995, 36). Alcida Rita Ramos explains that the nuclear family is very often so entangled in the web of kinship that, in order to define it, it is necessary to go through relatives who are primary neither to the husband nor to the wife (1995, 188). She states, "the wife may be the mother of a mans children, the daughter of his mothers brother, and the daughter of his fathers sister" (1995, 188). Frank A Salamone further explains the confusing kinship system they maintain by explaining that children of siblings of the opposite sex on both mothers and fathers side is the preferred marriage termed "bilateral cross-cousin marriage" (1997, 40). Apparently, another explanation for the difficulty in defining direct and indirect kin among the Yanomamo is in part due to their use of Teknonymy (Salamone 1997, 42). Ramos expl ains that Teknonymy does not allow for the use of personal names, meaning individuals are referred to, for example, as 'daughter of Suli' or 'husband of Suli' (1995, 188). In families, men do outran... ...mbridge University Press, 1985. Moore, Randy et. al. Botany; Second Edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998. Ramos, Alcida Rita. Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Saffirio, Giovanni and Richard Scaglion. (1982) Hunting Efficiency Among Acculturated and Unacculturated Yanomama Villages. Journal of Anthropological Research 38: 315-327. Smoles, William J. The Yanoama Indians: a cultural geography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1976. University of Manitoba Anthropology Homepage. http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/case_st udies/yanomamo/ Yanomamo Homepage. http://www.wugb.edu/~galta/mrr/yano/yano.htm CSAC’s Ethnographics Gallery. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7884 Yanomamo Research Group Homepage. http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~cejal/

Impact of Race in Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Impact of Race in Othello One of the major issues in Shakespeare's Othello is the impact of the race of the main character, Othello. His skin color is non-white, usually portrayed as African although some productions portray him as an Arabian. Othello is referred to by his name only seventeen times in the play. He is referred to as "The Moor" fifty-eight times. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) states that a Moor is "Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion. In Spanish history the terms Moo, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous." This indicates that Othello is constantly being degraded and set up as an evil person throughout the play. What this really means is that Othello is being judged by his skin color rather than the person under the skin. The view that whites and non-whites are equal is a relatively new concept in our society. In institutionalized racism, such as American slavery, those of a different color were often viewed as inferior. As Shakespeare wrote Othello, this idea was becoming quite prominent as England entered the African slave trade. One can look at the racial issues from the perspective of color, slavery, and society. There are many references in the play to indicate that Othello was dark colored. The first image we, as a reader, are given of Othello is that of a black ram having sexual relations with Desdemona (1.1.89-90). Later on in the play, there are many other references to Othello's color and race. Desdemona's father, Brabantio, is appalled to learn that his daughter is having a relationship with a "sooty bosom" (2.3.27). Emilia refers to Othello as a black devil (5.2.132). Othello even calls himself black (3.3.265). Iago also... ...hello is driven mad by the force of Iago's suggestions, indicating that he is merely a victim of another man's jealousy. Works Cited 1 Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge: New York, 1995: 12. 2 C. W. Slights. "Slaves and Subjects in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997: 382. 3 C. W. Slights. 380. 4 Norman Sanders, ed. 10. 5 J. Adelman. "Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997: 130. 6 C. W. Slights. 388. Works Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.   

Graphical user interface Essay

1. Introduction Piso Net is basically a merge of PC rental and Arcade rental services wherein customers can pay the services by inserting coins to the machine. This machine has been making quite a buzz in the city since early 2010, but it’s not only until recently that the enterprise got the attention of business-minded folks. Piso Net is indeed a viable source of extra income especially in an area occupied by many people who are possible customers of this kind of business. However, there is a problem that the researchers observed with the Piso Net industry concerning the lack of tracking and monitoring of the total income per Piso Net machine. Unlike the typical internet cafes out there, they have cyber cafe software that enables an internet cafe business of any size to track and monitor customers, billing and of course their income. Consequently, the researchers are trying to aid this problem by developing a kind of system that would help small businessmen to track and monitor their income. This system is obtainable, practicable, simple and very easy to use that even the non computer literate users can operate it. Also, the files on income are very organized that you can track any record of it in any day, month or even year. As stated above, the system’s graphical user interface is user friendly. This system will surely help businessmen in obtaining precise, accurate and organized files. There is no internet connection required for this system to run. Its security and reliability is very good since the unauthorized personnel are not allowed to use and alter the data that are recorded. 2. Statement of the problem The lack of monitoring and tracking the income of a Piso Net machine has been the problem observed by the researchers. So in order to aid this problem, there is a need to develop a system that would help small businessmen of Piso Net. Through this system, the businessmen will know what and where his/her income is. Also, businessmen will have accurate, precise  and organized files of their income so it will make the business more productive. The system will do all work with regards to monitoring and tracking of income and that makes the business more beneficial. 3. Objective of the study Aiding the observed problem by developing a system that would help small businessmen is the main objective. Through this system the owners will have an efficient and organized income records. This system would probably solve the dilemma of the Piso Net machine owners. 4. Scope and Limitations The researchers just focused on the monitoring and tracking of income per Piso Net machine so the system will be on the calculation of the monthly and yearly total income. The system will also display the expenses regarding extra services like printing and overnight rents. All rental transactions such as PC per PC rental rates are not included only the total income regarding that month and year is accounted. NOTE: ya, wala najud ko kasabot ay sa diha sa scope and limitations. Ktulgon na kay koooo -______- sayp pako ugma. Ako lng gitiwas bahala na. ako rang gi copy kung unsa ang naa sa papel. Diha sa scope and limitations.. Actually wala ko kasabot kung unsa ang boot ipasabot sa imong cm8 ani iyang study :’I hays, lisura mag buhat ug intro, statement of the problem, scope and limitations nga di ka ksabot sa ilang study :3 hays, bhala nani. Kamo nay bhala ani uy. Ge ha. . cnxa :3 mao ray nkaya saq utok man. Di ko maau ani 😀 hehehe hays, wa jud ko ksabot sa ilang SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS. Hahahaha honestly speaking.. basaha gle. ( or basin ktulgon lng jud kau ko. Ge nyt :3c

Sex education in Malaysia

Sex affects all aspects of human life. Sexual desires, feelings and activities extend from childhood through adolescence, adulthood and old age. As such, it is only rational to treat sex as an integral and positive facet of our lives. However, (most) Malaysians have a tendency to behave as if only a small number of politicians have sex in the nation. Sex is still a taboo topic and some tend to make a huge fuss whenever the subject is brought up for an intellectual discussion. Are we aware that such conservative attitudes cost us severely? Malaysia’s modernisation has resulted in increased sexual exposure among us, especially the teenagers. No matter how hard the authorities try, the youths can inevitably access sexual information through the mass media such as the internet. The question is: Are the people getting the right information? Movie scenes that portray a person’s NO as an indirect YES to sex are not teaching us the real meaning of consent. Unethical and violent pornography is not going to educate us that it is barbaric to treat a fellow human being as a mere sex object or unprotected sex can be a detriment to our well-being. What else then can provide us with the accurate information on sex? An open, systematic and relevant sex education in schools! Yes, it is time to teach our kids more than the reproductive anatomy and the menstruation cycle. Topics such as sexual attraction, safe sex, contraceptives and healthy relationships need to be addressed in a sex-positive environment. Upon hearing this, religious conservatives and groups alike will start echoing their traditional argument that sex education in schools will only encourage (more) minors to have sex which will eventually lead to various other social issues. As much as we want to live in a sexually-repressed fantasy world, the reality is a simple one: Malaysians including the minors are having sex before marriage with or without proper sexual knowledge. We only need to honestly ask ourselves to affirm this claim. In fact, a national survey conducted in 2000 has found that about 13% of unmarried youths in Malaysia have experienced sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral or anal). Frighteningly, 72% of them did not use any contraception during their first intercourse. These numbers may very well be an under-reporting as sex is still a forbidden subject in the country. Therefore, it is essential to equip our younger generation with proper sexual knowledge. A good sex education will help the kids to understand their body better and avoid unnecessary fear, worry and guilt associated with their normal biological development. They will also learn to be responsible and an advocate for their own reproductive and sexual health. The kids will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to be in loving and respectful romantic relationships. They will understand to reverence a fellow human being and that will help prevent various forms of sexual violence in the country. They will also have increased sexual confidence which will allow them to practice safer sex such as getting contraceptives and insisting partners to use contraceptives. Importantly, good sex education can help prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and other associated problems. In line with our current science curriculum, when it comes to safe sex, the adolescents are more concerned about preventing a pregnancy than a STI. This attitude might motivate them to focus solely on pregnancy avoidance, making them more vulnerable to various types of STI such as HIV/AIDS. Thus, giving them adequate information on STIs will help promoting sexual health and minimizing risks among our younger generation. It is also important to note that a review of sex education worldwide has found that sex education does not promote early sexual practice or increase sexual activity. In contrast, sex education has been shown to reduce the number of sexual partners and the frequency of sex. It also fosters safe sex and responsible sexual behaviour. Thus, a good sex education will help our kids to acquire accurate sexual information and make decisions about their sexual behaviours more wisely. No matter what they choose, may it be abstinence, delay in sexual involvement or active safe sex; they will be well-equipped to be responsible and in control of their own sexuality. It might also be argued that teaching about sex should be left to parents at home and not to teachers at school. However, the conservative parents who freak out and are in against the proposal of sex education are also least likely to talk about sex to their kids because those parents are less comfortable and/or less knowledgeable in the topic. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to include sex education as a formal subject in both primary and secondary school curriculums in the country. Yes, we need to start in primary schools. Currently, our kids formally learn about sex for the first time when they are around 15 years old. It might be too naive of us to think that our kids are not exposed to sexual materials and are not experimenting with their sexuality prior to the age of 15. Thus, age-appropriate sex education has to be started as early as possible. Furthermore, sex education should to be taught by sex-positive teachers, not individuals who see sex as something sinful and filthy, so that the kids will be exposed to unbiased information about human sexuality. In sum, sex education in schools is capable of creating a sexually-positive and healthy society, yet it is long overdue in Malaysia. So, why the wait?

Bill Miller and Value Trust Essay

1. How well has Value Trust performed in recent years? In making that assessment, what benchmark(s) are you using? How do you measure investment performance? What does good performance mean to you? Value trust had outperformed its benchmark index, the Standard & poor 500 Index for 14 years in a row; am average annual total return of 14.6 percent, which surpassed the S&P 500 by 3.67% per year. Value trust had earned a cumulative return of more than 830% over the previous 14 years, more than double that its average peer and the index. There are two ways to mearsure investment performance; the percentage of annual growth rate of NAV assuming reinvestment (the total return on invenst) and the absoulute dollar value today of an investment made at some time in the past. These measure then compared with the performance of a benchmark portfolio such as the Russel 2000 Index or the S&P 500 Composite Index. 2. What might explain the fund’s performance? To what extent do you believe an investment strategy, such as Mill’s explains performance? Some observers attributed this success to the fund manager’s conscious strategy of staying fully invested at all times rather than attempting to time the extent of market investments. Another popular explanation for the fund’s performance was the unusual skill of Bill Miller, the fund’s portfolio manager. His approach was research-intensive and highly concentrated when 50% of its assets were invested in just 10 large-capitalization companies and he was not averse to take large positions in the stocks of growth companies. 3. How easy will it be to sustain Miller’s historical performance record into the future? What factors support your conclusion? NOT EASY EMH LUCKY EVENT 4. Consider the mutual fund industry. What roles do portfolio managers play? What are the differences between fundamental and technical securities analysis? How well do mutual funds generally perform relative to the overall market? Technical analysis: This involved the identification of profitable investment opportunities based on trends in stock prices, volume, market setiment, Fibonacci numbers,etc. Fundamental analysis: This approach relied on insights afforded by an analysis of the economic fundamentals of a company and its industry: supply and demand costs, growth prospects, etc. Mutual funds were able to perform up to the market on a gross-returns basis; however, when expenses were factored in, they underperformed the market. 5. What is capital market efficiency? What are its implications for investment performance in general? What are the implications for fund managers, if the market exhibits characteristics of strong, semi-strong, or weak efficiency? Three levels of market efficiency. 6. Suppose that you are an advisor to wealthy individuals in the area of equity investments. In 2005, would you recommend investing in Miller’s Value Trust? What beliefs about the equity markets does your answer reflect?

Pob Sba

Tangos will be a part of the communications industry in Jamaica. Tangos will be involved in providing a phone repair service and the sale of our own invention of technological devices such as phones and tablets, mainly to the residents of Leaguing and its environs. A variety of repair services will be provided. These include: phone repair, mainly android devices, laptops, loganberries, tablets and the insertion of trackers.The business will also involve the sale Of parts for those devices repaired and sold. These parts include: batteries, touch pads, phone cases and others. Tangos will also involve the sale our own gadgets. These include, our newly invented smart watch called the LATENT, the phenomenal CEO TABLET and our own android device called the LEECH. Objectives of the Business: The repair shop will provide good quality repair to its valid customers at an affordable cost. Tangos will provide a clean and healthy environment to conduct business.Tangos will strive to provide excel lent customer service. Tangos will provide timely service and affordable devices to its customers. LOCATION Tangos will be located at 130 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6 at the Sovereign Centre. REASONS FOR THE LOCATION OF THE BUSINESS. Tangos will be located in the heart of the business area in Leaguing, because of the many other businesses in the vicinity that would attract people to my business; this means more potential customers for Tangos.The business will be located close to its market because it will provide easier access to its potential customers. The fact that the Sovereign Centre is a major business area in Leaguing also makes it relatively easy for those potential customers to access to the area, because of the many means of transport. This location is also ideal because, there is a ready supply of labor for this type of business. Type of Plan: Production Plan Name: Rehashed Taylor School: Jamaica College Centre Number: 100052 Date of Submission: Pob Sba Tangos will be a part of the communications industry in Jamaica. Tangos will be involved in providing a phone repair service and the sale of our own invention of technological devices such as phones and tablets, mainly to the residents of Leaguing and its environs. A variety of repair services will be provided. These include: phone repair, mainly android devices, laptops, loganberries, tablets and the insertion of trackers.The business will also involve the sale Of parts for those devices repaired and sold. These parts include: batteries, touch pads, phone cases and others. Tangos will also involve the sale our own gadgets. These include, our newly invented smart watch called the LATENT, the phenomenal CEO TABLET and our own android device called the LEECH. Objectives of the Business: The repair shop will provide good quality repair to its valid customers at an affordable cost. Tangos will provide a clean and healthy environment to conduct business.Tangos will strive to provide excel lent customer service. Tangos will provide timely service and affordable devices to its customers. LOCATION Tangos will be located at 130 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6 at the Sovereign Centre. REASONS FOR THE LOCATION OF THE BUSINESS. Tangos will be located in the heart of the business area in Leaguing, because of the many other businesses in the vicinity that would attract people to my business; this means more potential customers for Tangos.The business will be located close to its market because it will provide easier access to its potential customers. The fact that the Sovereign Centre is a major business area in Leaguing also makes it relatively easy for those potential customers to access to the area, because of the many means of transport. This location is also ideal because, there is a ready supply of labor for this type of business. Type of Plan: Production Plan Name: Rehashed Taylor School: Jamaica College Centre Number: 100052 Date of Submission: